# Solo Mining Iceriver KS5L on Kaspa (KAS)

Machine-readable solo mining datasheet for running **Iceriver KS5L** on the **Kaspa (KAS)** kHeavyHash network. Evaluates hashrate output, electrical operational expenditure, Poisson block-finding probabilities, and mining economics tracked by BackPoW.

## Executive Summary

- Target Rig: Iceriver KS5L (ASIC)
- Target Network: Kaspa (KAS) — Algorithm: kHeavyHash
- Rig Hashrate: 12.02 TH/s (1.202280e+13 H/s)
- Power Consumption: 3,400 W (81.60 kWh/day)
- Energy Efficiency: 0.28 J/GH
- Network Hashrate: 345.35 PH/s (3.453491e+17 H/s)
- Network Hash Share: 3.481347e-05 (0.003481%)
- Expected Block Discovery: about 10,986.3 blocks per year (mean time: ~48 min)
- Operational Breakeven Electricity: 0.0283 USD/kWh

## Solo Mining Metrics Table

| Metric | Value | Unit | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mining Device | Iceriver KS5L | text | Hardware model name |
| Device Class | ASIC | text | ASIC, GPU, or CPU architecture |
| Device Hashrate | 12.02 TH/s | H/s | Nominal hashrate on kHeavyHash |
| Device Power Draw | 3,400 | Watts | Power consumption at wall |
| Energy Efficiency | 0.28 J/GH | unit | Energy per unit hash computation |
| Network Hashrate | 345.35 PH/s | H/s | Total active network hash power |
| Network Difficulty | 8040785.230020494 | number | Current consensus target difficulty |
| Block Time (Observed) | 0.1 | seconds | Average interval between blocks |
| Block Reward | 2.0602 | KAS | Full coinbase block reward + fees |
| Coin Spot Price | 0.0373 | USD | Current market exchange rate |
| Single Block Value | 0.08 | USD | Gross fiat value of one block |
| Mean Time to Block | 48 min | time | T = (Nethash / Hashrate) * BlockTime |
| Daily Block Probability | 99.99% | percent | 24-hour Poisson chance |
| Monthly Block Probability | 99.99% | percent | 30-day Poisson chance |
| 1-Year Block Probability | 99.99% | percent | 365-day Poisson chance |
| 3-Year Block Probability | 99.99% | percent | 3-year cumulative chance |
| Expected Blocks / Year | 10986.2953 | count | Average over 365.25 days |
| Daily Gross Output | 61.967585 | KAS | Expected daily coin yield |
| Daily Gross Value | 2.31 | USD | Revenue before power costs |
| Daily Energy Consumed | 81.60 | kWh/day | Kilowatt-hours consumed |
| Power Cost @ 0.05 USD/kWh | 4.08 | USD/day | Low industrial tariff |
| Power Cost @ 0.08 USD/kWh | 6.53 | USD/day | Standard mining tariff |
| Power Cost @ 0.10 USD/kWh | 8.16 | USD/day | Residential tariff |
| Breakeven Electricity | 0.0283 | USD/kWh | Max rate before loss |
| Hardware Price | 320 / 370 / 420 USD | USD | Market range (min / med / max) |

## Poisson Block Discovery Model & Variance

Solo mining block discovery follows a memoryless Poisson process where every hash attempt has an identical, independent success probability.

- Formula: `P(X >= 1) = 1 - exp(-t / T)`
- `t` is mining duration in seconds
- `T` is mean time between blocks: `T = (Network Hashrate / Miner Hashrate) * Block Time`

Luck percentile table (reference electricity rate 0.08 USD/kWh):

| Luck Scenario | Percentile | Duration | Power (kWh) | Cost @ 0.08 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10% Lucky Hit | 10th | 5 min | 0.3 | 0.02 USD |
| 50% Median | 50th | 33 min | 1.9 | 0.15 USD |
| 90% Bad Luck | 90th | 1.8 hours | 6.2 | 0.50 USD |
| 95% Extreme Drought | 95th | 2.4 hours | 8.1 | 0.65 USD |

## Hardware Benchmark Profile

- Device: Iceriver KS5L
- Slug: iceriver-ks5l
- Architecture: ASIC
- Algorithm: kHeavyHash
- Hashrate: 12.02 TH/s
- Power: 3,400 W
- Efficiency: 0.28 J/GH
- Market Cost: 320 / 370 / 420 USD

## Blockchain Network Overview

- Blockchain: Kaspa (KAS)
- Consensus: kHeavyHash
- Network Hashrate: 345.35 PH/s (3.453491e+17 H/s)
- Difficulty: 8040785.230020494
- Block Time: 0.1 seconds
- Block Reward: 2.0602 KAS (approx 0.08 USD)
- Spot Price: 0.0373 USD
- Cost of Production (Flagship): 0.04 USD (Bitmain Antminer KS7 45T)

## Tracked Solo Mining Pools

Solo pools for Kaspa (KAS) routing 100% of block rewards to the miner address:

| Pool Name | Fee | Link | Low Hashrate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| rustykaspa.org | 0% | [rustykaspa.org](https://rkstratum.rustykaspa.org) | No |
| k1pool.com | 0.5% | [k1pool.com](https://k1pool.com/pool/kaspasolo) | No |
| kaspa-pool.org | 0.75% | [kaspa-pool.org](https://kaspa-pool.org) | No |
| herominers.com | 0.9% | [herominers.com](https://kaspa.herominers.com) | No |
| woolypooly.com | 0.9% | [woolypooly.com](https://woolypooly.com) | No |
| pool.kryptex.com | 1% | [pool.kryptex.com](https://pool.kryptex.com/kas) | No |
| rabidmining.com | 1% | [rabidmining.com](https://pool.rabidmining.com) | No |
| 2miners.com | 1.5% | [2miners.com](https://solo-kas.2miners.com) | No |
| acc-pool.pw | 0% | [acc-pool.pw](https://solo.kaspa.acc-pool.pw) | Yes |
| tazmining.ch | 0.5% | [tazmining.ch](https://tazmining.ch/#kas2) | Yes |

## Machine-Readable JSON Summary

```json
{
  "coin_id": "Kaspa",
  "coin_name": "Kaspa",
  "ticker": "KAS",
  "algorithm": "kHeavyHash",
  "hardware_name": "Iceriver KS5L",
  "hardware_slug": "iceriver-ks5l",
  "hardware_type": "ASIC",
  "miner_hashrate_h_s": 12022800000000.0,
  "power_watts": 3400.0,
  "efficiency": "0.28 J/GH",
  "network_hashrate_h_s": 3.4534909597097856e+17,
  "difficulty": 8040785.230020494,
  "block_time_seconds": 0.1,
  "block_reward_coins": 2.06017223,
  "spot_price_usd": 0.03732088,
  "single_block_value_usd": 0.0768874405751624,
  "mean_time_to_block_seconds": 2872.45147528844,
  "daily_block_probability": 0.9999999999999135,
  "monthly_block_probability": 1.0,
  "yearly_block_probability": 1.0,
  "expected_blocks_per_year": 10986.295250411884,
  "daily_gross_usd": 2.312684800019802,
  "daily_kwh": 81.6,
  "breakeven_electricity_usd_per_kwh": 0.02834172549043875,
  "hardware_price_usd": {
    "min": 320.0,
    "median": 370.0,
    "max": 420.0
  },
  "retrieved_utc": "2026-10-21T18:57:14Z"
}
```

## Provenance & Integration Links

- Retrieved: 2026-10-21T18:57:14Z
- Canonical HTML page: https://backpow.com/Kaspa/iceriver-ks5l
- Coin datasheet: https://backpow.com/Kaspa.md
- Hardware datasheet: https://backpow.com/hardware/iceriver-ks5l.md
- Solo pools directory: https://backpow.com/solo-pools.md
- Live queries over MCP: https://mcp.backpow.com/mcp (tools `calculate_solo_mining_odds`, `get_hardware_benchmarks`)
- Licence: CC BY 4.0 — https://backpow.com/llms.txt