# Kadena (KDA) — Solo Mining Pools & Network State

Live solo mining pool comparison, network difficulty, block reward structure, and Poisson solo mining probabilities for Kadena, as measured by BackPow.

## Network Overview

| Metric | Value | Unit |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Algorithm | Kadena | |
| Network hashrate | 1.6240169620101086e+16 | H/s |
| Difficulty | 2.4830142e+16 | |
| Difficulty, 24h average | 2.4180784e+16 | |
| Difficulty, 7d average | 2.5408832e+16 | |
| Block time, observed | 1.5 | seconds |
| Block reward | 0.91 | KDA |
| Spot price | 0.00914296 | USD |
| Block value | 0.0083200936 | USD |
| Market cap | 2990826.0 | USD |
| Tracked solo pools | 1 | count |
| Recommended solo pool | poolflare.net (2%) | |

## Tracked Solo Pools

| Pool | Solo Fee (%) | Avg Hashrate 7d (raw) | Avg Hashrate 7d | Reliability | Pool URL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| poolflare.net | 2 | 11471887906166672 | 11.47 PH/s | OK | https://poolflare.net/coin/kda/pool |

## Expected Time to Solo Mine a Block (Poisson Model)

Block discovery is modeled as a memoryless Poisson process: `P(X >= 1) = 1 - exp(-t / T)` where `T = (Network Hashrate / Miner Hashrate) * Block Time`.

| Hardware / Scenario | Hashrate (raw H/s) | Hashrate (display) | Expected Time | 30-Day Probability |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1× Bitmain Antminer KA3 | 166149400000000.0 | 166.15 TH/s | 2 min | 100.0% |
| 10× Bitmain Antminer KA3 | 1661494000000000.0 | 1.66 PH/s | under 1 min | 100.0% |
| 100× Bitmain Antminer KA3 | 1.661494e+16 | 16.61 PH/s | under 1 min | 100.0% |

## Solo Mining Protocol Rules

- Direct Coinbase Payout: When a solo miner finds a block, the pool constructs the block template with the miner's payout address directly in the coinbase transaction.
- Con Kolivas' Solo CKPool: Regarded as the historical benchmark for Bitcoin solo mining. Its pure C daemon processes shares with zero database overhead and pays miners directly through coinbase transaction outputs.
- Maturation: Newly minted coins require confirmation maturity (typically 100 blocks on Bitcoin and most PoW networks) before they can be transferred or spent.
- Pool Fee Structure: Unlike PPS/PPLNS pools that deduct fees from shared round rewards, solo pools deduct their percentage fee exclusively upon block discovery.
- High Variance: Finding blocks solo is subject to Poisson variance; expected time is a mathematical expectation over many trials, not a countdown timer.

## Provenance

- Retrieved: 2026-10-07T20:25:28Z
- Canonical page: https://backpow.com/solo-pools/Kadena
- Coin economics & CoP datasheet: https://backpow.com/Kadena.md
- All solo pools directory: https://backpow.com/solo-pools.md
- Solo mining odds calculator: https://backpow.com/Kadena
- Live queries over MCP: https://mcp.backpow.com/mcp (tools `calculate_solo_mining_odds`, `get_coin_oracle`)
- Licence: CC BY 4.0 — https://backpow.com/llms.txt

Difficulty, hashrate and price move continuously. This file is a snapshot taken at the time above; for a current reading, query the MCP endpoint rather than caching this document.