# Kaspa (KAS) — Solo Mining Pools & Network State

Live solo mining pool comparison, network difficulty, block reward structure, and Poisson solo mining probabilities for Kaspa, as measured by BackPow.

## Network Overview

| Metric | Value | Unit |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Algorithm | kHeavyHash | |
| Network hashrate | 3.4534909597097856e+17 | H/s |
| Difficulty | 8040785.230020494 | |
| Difficulty, 24h average | 8269674.221 | |
| Difficulty, 7d average | 8513506.254 | |
| Block time, observed | 0.1 | seconds |
| Block reward | 2.06017223 | KAS |
| Spot price | 0.03732088 | USD |
| Block value | 0.0768874405751624 | USD |
| Market cap | 1039325806.0 | USD |
| Tracked solo pools | 13 | count |
| Recommended solo pool | rustykaspa.org (0%) | |

## Tracked Solo Pools

| Pool | Solo Fee (%) | Avg Hashrate 7d (raw) | Avg Hashrate 7d | Reliability | Pool URL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| rustykaspa.org | 0 | 485776568586309.6 | 485.78 TH/s | OK | https://rkstratum.rustykaspa.org |
| k1pool.com | 0.5 | 3241320190940476.5 | 3.24 PH/s | OK | https://k1pool.com/pool/kaspasolo |
| kaspa-pool.org | 0.75 | 10436885260595242 | 10.44 PH/s | OK | https://kaspa-pool.org |
| herominers.com | 0.9 | 3060556527720239 | 3.06 PH/s | OK | https://kaspa.herominers.com |
| woolypooly.com | 0.9 | 192562248529761.84 | 192.56 TH/s | OK | https://woolypooly.com |
| pool.kryptex.com | 1 | 3250275071523810 | 3.25 PH/s | OK | https://pool.kryptex.com/kas |
| rabidmining.com | 1 | 2084229894886228 | 2.08 PH/s | OK | https://pool.rabidmining.com |
| 2miners.com | 1.5 | 414014924619047.75 | 414.01 TH/s | OK | https://solo-kas.2miners.com |
| acc-pool.pw | 0 | null | — | Low hashrate | https://solo.kaspa.acc-pool.pw |
| tazmining.ch | 0.5 | 632208926235.8927 | 632.21 GH/s | Low hashrate | https://tazmining.ch/#kas2 |
| cyberpool.io | 1 | 44887101600773.8 | 44.89 TH/s | Low hashrate | https://cyberpool.io/#kas-solo |
| baikalmine.com | 1 | 3052657207982.1436 | 3.05 TH/s | Low hashrate | https://baikalmine.com/pools/solo/kas/dashboard |
| nushypool.com | 1 | null | — | Low hashrate | https://nushypool.com/kas_solo/pool |

## Expected Time to Solo Mine a Block (Poisson Model)

Block discovery is modeled as a memoryless Poisson process: `P(X >= 1) = 1 - exp(-t / T)` where `T = (Network Hashrate / Miner Hashrate) * Block Time`.

| Hardware / Scenario | Hashrate (raw H/s) | Hashrate (display) | Expected Time | 30-Day Probability |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1× Bitmain Antminer KS7 45T | 45108000000000.0 | 45.11 TH/s | 13 min | 100.0% |
| 10× Bitmain Antminer KS7 45T | 451080000000000.0 | 451.08 TH/s | ~1 min | 100.0% |
| 100× Bitmain Antminer KS7 45T | 4510800000000000.0 | 4.51 PH/s | under 1 min | 100.0% |

## Solo Mining Protocol Rules

- Direct Coinbase Payout: When a solo miner finds a block, the pool constructs the block template with the miner's payout address directly in the coinbase transaction.
- Con Kolivas' Solo CKPool: Regarded as the historical benchmark for Bitcoin solo mining. Its pure C daemon processes shares with zero database overhead and pays miners directly through coinbase transaction outputs.
- Maturation: Newly minted coins require confirmation maturity (typically 100 blocks on Bitcoin and most PoW networks) before they can be transferred or spent.
- Pool Fee Structure: Unlike PPS/PPLNS pools that deduct fees from shared round rewards, solo pools deduct their percentage fee exclusively upon block discovery.
- High Variance: Finding blocks solo is subject to Poisson variance; expected time is a mathematical expectation over many trials, not a countdown timer.

## Provenance

- Retrieved: 2026-10-21T18:57:14Z
- Canonical page: https://backpow.com/solo-pools/Kaspa
- Coin economics & CoP datasheet: https://backpow.com/Kaspa.md
- All solo pools directory: https://backpow.com/solo-pools.md
- Solo mining odds calculator: https://backpow.com/Kaspa
- Live queries over MCP: https://mcp.backpow.com/mcp (tools `calculate_solo_mining_odds`, `get_coin_oracle`)
- Licence: CC BY 4.0 — https://backpow.com/llms.txt

Difficulty, hashrate and price move continuously. This file is a snapshot taken at the time above; for a current reading, query the MCP endpoint rather than caching this document.